Single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism with process compensation

ABSTRACT

A single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism is provided. The mechanism comprises a precharge device that turns off in an evaluation phase and a first biasing device is always on. Within the mechanism, a strength of a keeper device is changed to a first level in response to an input of the second biasing device being at a first voltage level. Within the mechanism the strength of the keeper device is changed to a second level in response to the input of the second biasing device being at a second voltage level. Responsive to receiving a (precharged voltage level read data line signal, a precharged voltage level of the first node falls faster when the keeper device is weakened to a first level. The keeper device turns on in response to receiving a LOW signal and pulls up the voltage at the first node so that a HIGH signal is output.

BACKGROUND

The present application relates generally to an improved data processingapparatus and more specifically to a single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism with process compensation.

Memory content on integrated circuit chips increases with eachgeneration. However, with the power provided to the integrated circuitremaining the same and, thus, being a limiting factor, increases inmemory content contributes to more and more of the total integratedcircuit chip power. Thus, a current challenge is to reduce powerutilized throughout the integrated circuit chip and, with the increasesin memory content, the power utilized in processing memory operationswithout sacrificing performance.

SUMMARY

In one illustrative embodiment, a single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism is provided. In the illustrative embodiment, the single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism comprises a precharge device coupledto a first biasing device, where the precharge. device turns off in anevaluation phase, and where the first biasing device is always on. Inthe illustrative embodiment, the single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism comprises a second biasing device coupled to a keeper device,where, responsive to an input of the second biasing device being at afirst voltage level, a strength of the keeper device is changed to afirst level, and where, responsive to the input of the second biasingdevice being at a second voltage level, the strength of the keeperdevice is changed to a second level. In the illustrative embodiment, thesingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism comprises a first nodecoupled to the precharge device, the biasing device, the keeper device,and an input of an inverting amplifier, where, responsive to receiving aprecharged voltage level read data line signal, a precharged voltagelevel of the first node falls faster when the keeper device is weakenedto a first level. In the illustrative embodiment, the single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism comprises the keeper device coupled toan output of the inverting amplifier and a global bit line, where thekeeper device turns on in response to receiving a LOW signal from theinverting amplifier and pulls up the voltage at the first node so that aHIGH signal is output onto a global data line.

In another illustrative embodiment, a memory is provided that comprisesa set of memory cells and a single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism coupled to the set of memory cells. In the illustrativeembodiment, the single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism comprisesa precharge device coupled to a first biasing device, where theprecharge device turns off in an evaluation phase, and where the firstbiasing device is always on. In the illustrative embodiment, thesingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism comprises a secondbiasing device coupled to a keeper device, where, responsive to an inputof the second biasing device being at a first voltage level, a strengthof the keeper device is changed to a first level, and where, responsiveto the input of the second biasing device being at a second voltagelevel, the strength of the keeper device is changed to a second level.In the illustrative embodiment, the single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism comprises a first node coupled to the precharge device, thebiasing device, the keeper device, and an input of an invertingamplifier, where, responsive to receiving a precharged voltage levelread data line signal, a precharged voltage level of the first nodefalls faster when the keeper device is weakened to a first level. In theillustrative embodiment, the single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism comprises the keeper device coupled to an output of theinverting amplifier and a global bit line, where the keeper device turnson in response to receiving a LOW signal from the inverting amplifierand putts up the voltage at the first node so that a HIGH signal isoutput onto a global data line.

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will bedescribed in, or will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in theart in view of, the following detailed description of the exampleembodiments of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention, as well as a preferred mode of use and further objectivesand advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to thefollowing detailed description of illustrative embodiments when read inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of processor 100 in accordance withan illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a high-level example of a typical cache memory arraycomprising multiple memory cells in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment;

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary block diagram of a single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism coupled to an exemplary column of memory cellsin accordance with an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 4 depicts such a voltage-reference mechanism in accordance with anillustrative embodiment; and

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an exemplary design flow used, forexample, in semiconductor IC logic design, simulation, test, layout, andmanufacture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The current challenge in integrated circuitry is to reduce powerutilized throughout the integrated circuit chip and, with the increasesin memory content, the power utilized in processing memory operationswithout sacrificing performance. A significant portion of the powerutilized in processing memory operations is within global read and writedata lines. Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide a single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism with process compensation. However,single-ended low-swing lines are susceptible to noise and processeffects. That is, sensing techniques may not always scale well withprocess, voltage, and temperature (PVT) as well as possibly introducingsignificant integrated circuit (IC) complexity. Further differentialtechniques may leave potential changes on the table due to data statedependency for power savings. Thus, the single ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism provided in accordance with the illustrativeembodiments provides a single-ended low-signal swing scheme with noadditional timing or circuit complexity. Further, the single endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism of the illustrative embodimentsprovides for PVT tracking captured via a programmable reference keeperand pre-charge value tracking with negative channel field effecttransistor (nFET) threshold.

FIG. 1 is provided as one example of a data processing environment inwhich a cache memory array may be utilized, i.e. in a cache of aprocessor. FIG. 1 is only offered as an example data processingenvironment in which the aspects of the illustrative embodiments may beimplemented and is not intended to state or imply any limitation withregard to the types of, or configurations of data processingenvironments in which the illustrative embodiments may be used. To thecontrary, any environment in which a cache memory array may be utilizedis intended to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of processor 100 in accordance withan illustrative embodiment. Processor 100 includes controller 102, whichcontrols the flow of instructions and data into and out of processor100. Controller 102 sends control signals to instruction unit 104, whichincludes L1 cache 106. Instruction unit 104 issues instructions toexecution unit 108, which also includes L1 cache 110. Execution unit 108executes the instructions and holds or forwards any resulting dataresults to, for example, L2 cache 112 or controller 102. In turn,execution unit 108 retrieves data from L2 cache 112 as appropriate.Instruction unit 104 also retrieves instructions from L2 cache 112 whennecessary. Controller 102 sends control signals to control storage orretrieval of data from L2 cache 112. Processor 100 may containadditional components not shown, and is merely provided as a basicrepresentation of a processor and does not limit the scope of thepresent invention. Although, FIG. 1 depicts only level 1 (L1) cache and2 (L2) cache, the illustrative embodiments are not limited to only theselevels of memory hierarchy. That is, the illustrative embodiments may beapplied to any level of memory hierarchy without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware inFIG. 1 may vary depending on the implementation. Other internal hardwareor peripheral devices, such as flash memory, equivalent non-volatilememory, or optical disk drives and the like, may be used in addition toor in place of the hardware depicted in FIG. 1. Also, the processes ofthe illustrative embodiments may be applied to a multiprocessor dataprocessing system, without departing from the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

Moreover, the data processing system 100 may take the form of any of anumber of different data processing systems including client computingdevices, server computing devices, a tablet computer, laptop computer,telephone or other communication device, a personal digital assistant(PDA), or the like, In some illustrative examples, data processingsystem 100 may be a portable computing device which is configured withflash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating systemfiles and/or user-generated data, for example. Essentially, dataprocessing system 100 may be any known or later developed dataprocessing system without architectural limitation.

The majority of power dissipated in cache memory arrays comes from thepre-charging and discharging of bit-lines during a read access. That is,the bit-lines, within the cache memory array, span the entire height ofthe cache memory array and tend to be highly capacitive. FIG. 2illustrates a high-level example of a typical cache memory array 200comprising multiple memory cells 202 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment. Memory cells 202 are arranged as an array having rows 204and columns 206, Memory cells 202 in a particular row 204 are connectedto one another by word lines 208. Word lines 208 of each row 204 arealso connected to word line drivers 210 which receive output 212 fromaddress decoder 214 that identifies which row 204 is to be output andcache memory array 200 outputs the corresponding data entry through dataoutputs 216. Word line driver 210 may provide a single word line or awrite word line and a read word tine. Memory cells 202 in a particularcolumn 206 are connected to one another by a pair of bit lines 218 whichare driven to complimentary during read/write executions and aretraditionally precharged to the voltage supply. Bit lines 218 may betrue and compliment bit lines or a true write bit line, compliment writebit line, and a separate read bit line, Bit lines 218 feed senseamplifiers 220, which may also referred to as bit line evaluators, toconvert the differential signal to a single-ended signal for use inlogic downstream.

In operation, address decoder 214 receives an address associated with aread/write access from external logic 222. Address decoder 214 decodesthe address and signals the particular one of word tine drivers 210associated with the decoded address using output 212. The particular oneof word line drivers 210 then fires due to the signal from addressdecoder 214 and the data in the associated row 204 of memory cells 202is output through data outputs 216 if the access is a read access or, ifthe access is a write access, data is written to memory cells 202 inassociated row 204.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary block diagram of a single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism coupled to an exemplary column of memory cellsin accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism 306 comprises biasing device 320, prechargedevice 314, biasing device 340, keeper device 332, and invertingamplification device 330. Biasing device 320 and precharge device 314provide for resetting the state of single-ended low-swing power-savingsmechanism 306 in a precharge phase of every read operation. Biasingdevice 320 and keeper device 332 are crucial components of single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism 306. That is, the voltage at node 316determines the output state of the inverting amplification device 330.

Single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism 306 has two phases: aprecharge phase and an evaluation phase. During a read operation, ann^(th) row from memory cells 302, in the precharge phase, read word linesignal (rwl_(n)) 308 is LOW so that nothing is read onto the read pathof read data line (grdlc) 304. Precharge signal (not shown) goes HIGHand precharge bar signal (grdlc_pre_b) 312 goes LOW. With grdlc_pre_b312 LOW, precharge device 314 is turned on and pulls up the read dataline (grdlc) 304 and node 316 to supply voltage (Vdd). Contrary tocurrent memory devices, single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism306 also utilizes biasing device 320. Biasing device 320 is controlledby input signal (vblh) 322. Vblh 322 is a voltage signal that isslightly lower than Vdd, i.e. lower by some threshold voltage Vt. Withvblh 322 always being at a voltage that is slightly lower than Vdd,biasing device 320 is always on. Thus, during the precharge phase, thevoltage on read data line (grdlc) 304 will be at (vblh-vt). Thus, at theend of the precharge cycle, the voltage level at node 316 is Vdd and thevoltage level at node 318 is ground (Gnd).

In the evaluation phase, rwl_(n) 308 goes HIGH so that the value inmemory cell sense amp 324 may be read onto the read path of read dataline (grdlc) 304 via transistor 326. Also in the evaluation phase,precharge bar signal (grdlc_pre_b) 312 goes HIGH, thus precharge device314 is turned off and the input voltage to single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism at node 316 is (VDD) and the read data line(grdlc) 304 is at (vblh-vt). During the read, as read data line (grdlc)304 goes to zero, by biasing device 320 being at the voltage level thatis slightly lower than Vdd, the swing of read data line (grdlc) 304 isreduced, which saves the voltage required to precharge read data line(grdlc) 304 and node 316 during the next phase.

In the event that the Memory cell reads a 0, there is no discharge pathfrom read data line (grdlc) 304 to ground and read data line (grdlc) 304remains HIGH. Hence, node 316 remains above the switching point ofinverting amplifier 330 and node 318 remains LOW. Since node 318 is LOW,keeper device 332 remains turned on and helps to keep the node 316 highby creating a positive feedback path. With node 318 being LOW, a ‘0’ isoutput on node 318 as (grdlt), which is recognized by any logicdownstream as being a ‘0’ from memory cell 302.

In the event that memory cell 302 is storing a ‘1’, read bit line 328 isVdd and transistor 326 turns on, Hence, read data line (grdlc) 304starts discharging through the read stack path of transistor 326. Whenread data line (grdlc) 304 discharges below a first predesigned voltagelevel, for example 750 mV, the voltage at node 316 crosses below asecond predesigned voltage level, for example 300 mV, and node 318starts a transition to HIGH due to the switching point of invertingamplifier 330. As a result, keeper device 332 turns off and pulls downread data line (grdlc) 304. However, in order to make the read evenfaster, single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism 306 also providesbiasing device 340 to help compensate for process variation by reducingthe strength of the keeper stack transistor 332 and biasing device 340.

Biasing device 340 is controlled by a voltage-reference mechanism, whichis described in detail in FIG. 4. Thus, biasing device 340 is controlledby voltage-reference signal (vref_rdl) 342. When vref_rdl 342 is LOW,then biasing device 340 is turned on, which increases the strength ofkeeper device 332. However, when vref_rdl 342 is HIGH, then biasingdevice 340 is turned off, which makes the keeper device 332 weaker. Bymaking keeper device 332 even weaker, when a read occurs, keeper device332 turns off faster and, thus, the read data line (grdlc) 304 and node316 can fall faster, With node 318 being HIGH, a ‘1’ is output on node318 as (grdlt).

As discussed previously, biasing device 340 is controlled by avoltage-reference mechanism. FIG. 4 depicts such a voltage-referencemechanism in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.Voltage-reference mechanism 400 comprises voltage divider device 402 andbiasing device 404. As with biasing device 320 of FIG. 3, biasing device404 is controlled by input signal (vblh) 406, which is the same as inputsignal 322 of FIG. 3. Thus, vblh 406 is a voltage signal that isslightly lower than Vdd, i.e. lower by some threshold voltage (Vt). Withvblh 406 always being at a voltage that is slightly lower than Vdd,biasing device 404 is always on and, thus, is always attempting to pullvoltage-reference signal (vref_rdl) 408, which is the same asvoltage-reference signal (vref_rdl) 342 of FIG. 3, to ground.

Transistor device 412 and transistor device 414 being connected in adiode fashion prevents node 416 from being pulled down to ground, thuscreating a voltage divider effect, when initialized by switch signal(vref_rdl_sw) 410. This voltage divider causes vref rdl 408 to be atsome voltage between ground and Vdd, depending on the strength of thepFET process. As described in relation to FIG. 3, when vref_rdl 342 isHIGH or not at ground potential, then biasing device 340 of FIG. 3 isturned off, which makes the already weak keeper device 332 of FIG. 3even weaker.

Thus, by utilizing the single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism ofFIG. 3, significant power savings are obtained by only precharging readdata line (grdlc) 304 to vblh-vt, which reduces the voltage swing on ahighly-capacitive read data line (grdlc) 304. Further, by reducing thevoltage swing on read data line (grdlc) 304 by precharging to a lowervoltage level (vblh-vt) thereby reducing power and improvingperformance, the illustrative embodiments provide for the ability toincrease the capacitance of read data line (grdlc) 304 by adding morememory stacks, thus enabling a higher density memory offering.

Finally, by utilizing the single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanismof FIG. 3 in conjunction with the voltage-reference mechanism of FIG. 4,(vref_rdl) 342 is process compensated by voltage-reference mechanism ofFIG. 4. That is, transistor device 412 and transistor device 414 createa voltage divider as described above. As the process varies for variousdevice strengths for pFET and nFET of voltage divider 402, the voltageon vref_rdl 408 changes. lithe pFET is stronger, the vref_rdl 408 willtend to be closer to Vdd. With vref_rdl 408 being the same as vref_rdl342, vref_rdl 342 will be closer to Vdd and keeper 332 is made weaker,allowing for node 316 to be discharged easier, If the nFETs in biasingdevice 404 are stronger, then the vref_rdl 408 will be closer to ground,With vref_rdl 408 being the same as vref_rdl 342, vref_rdl 342 will becloser to ground and keeper 332 is made stronger, thus making thedischarge of node 316 harder. Thus, power can be adjusted insingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism of FIG. 3 andvoltage-reference mechanism of FIG. 4 by varying the biasing voltagevblh 322 in FIG. 3 and vblh 406 of FIG. 4. Thus, if an integratedcircuit device is operating slower and the intent is to balanceperformance and power, then the vblh voltage may be adjusted lower.Conversely, if an integrated circuit device is intended to operate athigh performance, then the vblh voltage may be adjusted higher.

Thus, the illustrative embodiments provide mechanisms for a single-endedlow-swing data line with process compensation. That is, the single endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism provided in accordance with theillustrative embodiments provides a single-ended low-signal swing schemewith no additional timing or circuit complexity. Further, the singleended low-swing power-savings mechanism of the illustrative embodimentsprovides for PVT tracking captured via a programmable reference keeperand pre-charge value tracking with negative channel field effecttransistor (NFET) threshold.

The circuit as described above may be part of the design for anintegrated circuit chip. The chip design may be created in a graphicalcomputer programming language, and stored in a computer storage medium(such as a disk, tape, physical hard drive, or virtual hard drive suchas in a storage access network). If the designer does not fabricatechips or the photolithographic masks used to fabricate chips, thedesigner transmits the resulting design by physical means (e.g., byproviding a copy of the storage medium storing the design) orelectronically (e.g., through the Internet) to such entities, directlyor indirectly. The stored design may then be converted into theappropriate format (e.g., GDSII) for the fabrication ofphotolithographic masks, which typically include multiple copies of thechip design in question that are to be formed on a wafer. Thephotolithographic masks may be utilized to define areas of the wafer(and/or the layers thereon) to be etched or otherwise processed.

The resulting integrated circuit chips can be distributed by thefabricator in raw wafer form (that is, as a single wafer that hasmultiple unpackaged chips), as a bare die, or in a packaged form. In thelatter case the chip may be mounted in a single chip package (such as aplastic carrier, with leads that are affixed to a motherboard or otherhigher level carrier) or in a multichip package (such as a ceramiccarrier that has either or both surface interconnections or buriedinterconnections).

In any case, the chip may then be integrated with other chips, discretecircuit elements, and/or other signal processing devices as part ofeither (a) an intermediate product, such as a motherboard, or (b) an endproduct. The end product can be any product that includes integratedcircuit chips, ranging from toys and other low-end applications toadvanced computer products having a display, a keyboard or other inputdevice, and a central processor. Moreover, the end products in which theintegrated circuit chips may be provided may include game machines, gameconsoles, hand-held computing devices, personal digital assistants,communication devices, such as wireless telephones and the like, laptopcomputing devices, desktop computing devices, server computing devices,or any other computing device.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an exemplary design flow 500 used, forexample, in semiconductor IC logic design, simulation, test, layout, andmanufacture. Design flow 500 includes processes and mechanisms forprocessing design structures to generate logically or otherwisefunctionally equivalent representations of the embodiments of theinvention shown in FIGS. 3-4. The design structures processed and/orgenerated by design flow 500 may be encoded on machine-readabletransmission or storage media to include data and/or instructions thatwhen executed or otherwise processed on a data processing systemgenerate a logically, structurally, or otherwise functionally equivalentrepresentation of hardware components, circuits, devices, or systems.

FIG. 5 illustrates multiple such design structures including an inputdesign structure 520 that is preferably processed by a design process510. Design structure 520 may be a logical simulation design structuregenerated and processed by design process 510 to produce a logicallyequivalent functional representation of a hardware device. Designstructure 520 may also or alternatively comprise data and/or programinstructions that when processed by design process 510, generate afunctional representation of the physical structure of a hardwaredevice. Whether representing functional and/or structural designfeatures, design structure 520 may be generated using electroniccomputer-aided design (ECAD) such as implemented by a coredeveloper/designer. When encoded on a machine-readable data transmissionor storage medium, design structure 520 may be accessed and processed byone or more hardware and/or software modules within design process 510to simulate or otherwise functionally represent an electronic component,circuit, electronic or logic module, apparatus, device, or system suchas those shown in FIGS. 3-4. As such, design structure 520 may comprisefiles or other data structures including human and/or machine-readablesource code, compiled structures, and computer-executable codestructures that when processed by a design or simulation data processingsystem, functionally simulate or otherwise represent circuits or otherlevels of hardware logic design. Such data structures may includehardware-description language (HDL) design entities or other datastructures conforming to and/or compatible with lower-level HDL designlanguages such as Verilog and VHDL, and/or higher level design languagessuch as C or C++.

Design process 510 preferably employs and incorporates hardware and/orsoftware modules for synthesizing, translating, or otherwise processinga design/simulation functional equivalent of the components, circuits,devices, or logic structures shown in FIGS. 3-4 to generate a netlist580 which may contain design structures such as design structure 520.Netlist 580 may comprise, for example, compiled or otherwise processeddata structures representing a list of wires, discrete components, logicgates, control circuits, I/O devices, models, etc. that describes theconnections to other elements and circuits in an integrated circuitdesign. Netlist 580 may be synthesized using an iterative process inwhich netlist 580 is resynthesized one or more times depending on designspecifications and parameters for the device. As with other designstructure types described herein, netlist 580 may be recorded on amachine-readable data storage medium. The medium may be a non-volatilestorage medium such as a magnetic or optical disk drive, a compactflash, or other flash memory. Additionally, or in the alternative, themedium may be a system or cache memory, buffer space, or electrically oroptically conductive devices and materials on which data packets may betransmitted and intermediately stored via the Internet, or othernetworking suitable means.

Design process 510 may include hardware and software modules forprocessing a variety of input data structure types including netlist580. Such data structure types may reside, for example, within libraryelements 530 and include a set of commonly used elements, circuits, anddevices, including models, layouts, and symbolic representations, for agiven manufacturing technology (e.g., different technology nodes, 32 nm,45 nm, 90 nm, etc.). The data structure types may further include designspecifications 540, characterization data 550, verification data 560,design rules 570, and test data files 585 which may include input testpatterns, output test results, and other testing information, Designprocess 510 may further include modules for performing standard circuitdesign processes such as timing analysis, verification, design rulechecking, place and route operations, etc.

Design process 510 employs and incorporates well-known logic andphysical design tools such as HDL compilers and simulation model buildtools to process design structure 520 together with some or all of thedepicted supporting data structures to generate a second designstructure 590. Similar to design structure 520, design structure 590preferably comprises one or more files, data structures, or othercomputer-encoded data or instructions that reside on transmission ordata storage media and that when processed by an ECAD system generate alogically or otherwise functionally equivalent form of one or more ofthe embodiments of the invention shown in FIGS. 3-4, In one embodiment,design structure 590 may comprise a compiled, executable HDL simulationmodel that functionally simulates the devices shown in FIGS. 3-4.

Design structure 590 may also employ a data format used for the exchangeof layout data of integrated circuits and/or symbolic data format (e.g.information stored in a GASII (GDS2), GL1, OASIS, map files, or anyother suitable format for storing such design data structures). Designstructure 590 may comprise information such as, for example, symbolicdata, map files, test data files, design content files, manufacturingdata, layout parameters, wires, levels of metal, vias, shapes, data forrouting through the manufacturing line, and any other data processed bysemiconductor manufacturing tools to fabricate embodiments of theinvention as shown in FIGS. 3-4, Design structure 590 may then proceedto a stage 595 where, for example, design structure 590 proceeds totape-out, is released to manufacturing, is released to a mask house, issent to another design house, is sent back to the customer, etc.

The description of the present invention has been presented for purposesof illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention, the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

What is claimed is:
 1. A single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism,comprising: a precharge device coupled to a first biasing device,wherein the precharge device turns off in an evaluation phase andwherein the first biasing device is always on; a second biasing devicecoupled to a keeper device, wherein, responsive to an input of thesecond biasing device being at a first voltage level, a strength of thekeeper device is changed to a first level, and wherein, responsive tothe input of the second biasing device being at a second voltage level,the strength of the keeper device is changed to a second level; a firstnode coupled to the precharge device, the biasing device, the keeperdevice, and an input of an inverting amplifier, wherein, responsive toreceiving a precharged voltage level read data line signal, prechargedvoltage level of the first node falls faster when the keeper device isweakened to a first level; and the keeper device coupled to an output ofthe inverting amplifier and a global bit line, wherein the keeper deviceturns on in response to receiving a LOW signal from the invertingamplifier and pulls up the voltage at the first node so that a HIGHsignal is output onto a global data line.
 2. The single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism of claim 1, wherein, responsive to the input ofthe second biasing device being at a first voltage level, the keeperdevice is weakened to a first level and wherein, responsive to an inputof the second biasing device being at a second voltage level, the keeperdevice is weakened to a second level.
 3. The single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism of claim 2, wherein the input of the secondbiasing device is received from a voltage-reference mechanism.
 4. Thesingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism of claim 3, wherein thevoltage-reference mechanism and the second biasing device togethercompensates across process variation.
 5. The single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism of claim 3, wherein the voltage-referencemechanism and the second biasing device together enable operation acrossa wide process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) range.
 6. Thesingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism of claim 3, wherein thevoltage-reference mechanism comprises: a voltage divider coupled to athird biasing device, wherein, when the input to the voltage divider isLOW, the input to the second biasing device is at the first voltagelevel that causes the keeper device to weaken to the first level, andwherein, when an input to the voltage divider is HIGH, the input to thesecond biasing device is at the second voltage level that causes thekeeper device to weaken to the second level.
 7. The single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism of claim 1, wherein the keeper deviceturns off in response to receiving a HIGH signal from the invertingamplifier and pulls down the voltage at the first node so that a LOWsignal is output onto the global data line.
 8. The single-endedlow-swing power-savings mechanism of claim 1, wherein, in a prechargephase, the precharge device and the first biasing device precharges theread bit line and the first node to a lower voltage level than thesupply voltage and wherein, by precharging the read bit line and thefirst node to the lower voltage level than the supply voltage, voltageswing is reduced during a read operation thereby reducing read power. 9.The single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism of claim 1, wherein aHIGH read data line signal indicates that a memory cell within a memorythat is being read is storing a zero.
 10. The single-ended low-swingpower-savings mechanism of claim 1, wherein the LOW read data linesignal indicates that a memory cell within a memory that is being readis storing a one.
 11. A memory comprising: a set of memory cells; and asingle-ended low-swing power-savings mechanism coupled to the set ofmemory cells, wherein the single-ended low-swing power-savings mechanismcomprises: a precharge device coupled to a first biasing device, whereinthe precharge device turns off in an evaluation phase and wherein thefirst biasing device is always on; a second biasing device coupled to akeeper device, wherein, responsive to an input of the second biasingdevice being at a first voltage level, a strength of the keeper deviceis changed to a first level, and wherein, responsive to the input of thesecond biasing device being at a second voltage level, the strength ofthe keeper device is changed to a second level; a first node coupled tothe precharge device, the biasing device, the keeper device, and aninput of an inverting amplifier, wherein, responsive to receiving aprecharged voltage level read data line signal, a precharged voltagelevel of the first node falls faster when the keeper device is weakenedto a first level; and the keeper device coupled to an output of theinverting amplifier and a global bit line, wherein the keeper deviceturns on in response to receiving a LOW signal from the invertingamplifier and pulls up the voltage at the first node so that a HIGHsignal is output onto a global data line.
 12. The memory of claim 11,wherein, responsive to the input of the second biasing device being at afirst voltage level, the keeper device is weakened to a first level andwherein, responsive to an input of the second biasing device being at asecond voltage level, the keeper device is weakened to a second level.13. The memory of claim 12, wherein the input of the second biasingdevice is received from a voltage-reference mechanism.
 14. The memory ofclaim 13, wherein the voltage-reference mechanism and the second biasingdevice together compensates across process variation.
 15. The memory ofclaim 13, wherein the voltage-reference mechanism and the second biasingdevice together enable operation across a wide process, voltage, andtemperature (PVT) range.
 16. The memory of claim 13, wherein thevoltage-reference mechanism comprises: a voltage divider coupled to athird biasing device, wherein, when the input to the voltage divider isLOW, the input to the second biasing device is at the first voltagelevel that causes the keeper device to weaken to the first level, andwherein, when an input to the voltage divider is HIGH, the input to thesecond biasing device is at the second voltage level that causes thekeeper device to weaken to the second level.
 17. The memory of claim 11,wherein the keeper device turns off in response to receiving a HIGHsignal from the inverting amplifier and pulls down the voltage at thefirst node so that a LOW signal is output onto the global data line. 18.The memory of claim 11, wherein, in a precharge phase, the prechargedevice and the first biasing device precharges the read bit line and thefirst node to a lower voltage level than the supply voltage and wherein,by precharging the read bit line and the first node to the lower voltagelevel than the supply voltage, voltage swing is reduced during a readoperation thereby reducing read power.
 19. The memory of claim 11,wherein a HIGH read data line signal indicates that a memory cell withina memory that is being read is storing a zero.
 20. The memory of claim11, wherein the LOW read data line signal indicates that a memory cellwithin a memory that is being read is storing a one.